Canada 150: Collection of General Wolfe's letters at U of T's Fisher library informs new book on the controversial figure

hjames — Wed, 12 Apr 2017 21:08:42 +0000

hjames Wed, 04/12/2017 - 17:08

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General James Wolfe's personal letters are housed at the Thomas Fisher Rare Books Library (photo courtesy of University of Toronto Libraries)

Hannah James

Author legacy

Hannah James

Topic

City & Culture

Canada 150

Fisher

U of T Libraries

Thomas Fisher Rare Books Library's collection of General James Wolfe's personal letters are at the heart of a new book, which reveals a creative, melancholic side to the British army commander known for his military might.

Last week at the university's 23rd annual George Kiddell Memorial Lecture, “Who’s Afraid of General Wolfe? Adventures in archives and authorship,” retired U of T librarian Anne Dondertman and author Kathleen Winter talked about new insights revealed in Wolfe's letters.

Winter is the author of a forthcoming novel about Wolfe called Lost in September. The book, focusing on Wolfe's life, including his capture of Quebec in the Battle of the Plains of Abraham, used many of the letters in Fisher's collection, which were acquired by Dondertman in 2013.

“Admittedly, not celebrated nor admired in Quebec, Wolfe is indisputably a pivotal figure in Canadian history,” said Dondertman.

Winter said that even today mentioning Wolfe’s name in her home province of Quebec can stir up intense emotion and heated debates.

A letter by General Wolfe in the Fisher collection (photo courtesy of U of T Libraries)

Wolfe's military career – and personal life – is documented in hundreds of letters he wrote to his mother and father from the battlefields, between 1740 and 1759. He led a victory over the French to capture Quebec before dying from musket shot wounds. He was only 32.

Dondertman talked about what it took to get the “Wolfe papers” to Fisher.

She said when the letters came up for sale at Christie's auction house in London, U.K., she knew that it would be an important historical collection for U of T – and Canada. Dondertman said she spent several months raising the £900,000 (approximately CAD$1.5 million) required to purchase the letters. With the philanthropic support of Helmhorst Investment Limited and assistance from a Moveable Cultural Property grant from the federal government, the funds came through, and Dondertman's team was on its way to buying the letters.

There was just one more obstacle.

Dondertman said that because Wolfe was British, some people such as Antonia Fraser – the British author of history, novels and biographies – felt the letters should remain in Britain. Dondertman said she gathered letters to support U of T's purchase including one from Canadian historian and former U of T professor Margaret MacMillan.

Finally on Nov. 4, 2013, the letters arrived at U of T in a large crate from Christie’s.

“It was a red letter day,” said Dondertman.

Retired U of T librarian Anne Dondertman reading Wolfe's letters (photo by Megan Campbell)

Dondertman said her favourite letter is the one Wolfe wrote to his mother on his 25th birthday. By then Wolfe had witnessed many horrors of war in Europe, he had lost his brother on the battlefield and had to give up the woman he was courting because his parents rejected her. He even writes about his own fears of dying in war.

“The less these thoughts are entertained the less will be the dread or fear of death,” Wolfe writes in a letter. “You’ll judge by this sort of discourse that it is the dead of night and all is quiet and at rest, and one of those intervals wherein men think of what they really are and what they really should be, how much is expected and how little performed.”

“He’s only 25, and all these things have already happened to him,” said Dondertman.

Winter said she knew very little about Wolfe before researching the book.

“I almost had a sense of him as a paper doll on a stick going through the siege and going to the Foulon and the lines of battle,” she said.

But upon reading Wolfe's many personal letters Winter said she came away with a different understanding of the British military figure. She said details like Wolfe's love of the sweet tiny wild strawberries on the banks of the St. Lawrence River, his love of dogs and his obession with not losing his focus are details that are revealed in the letters.

Winter is also struck by his melancholy and temperament and the accounts of all the horrors of war.

“It gives the whole subject an emotional quality that I’ve been honoured to explore,” she said.

Lost in September will be released in September 2017.

Author Kathleen Winter by a plaque marking where Wolfe was killed in 1759 (photo by Jean Dandenault)

U of T's Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library now has one of Canada's oldest printed books in English

ullahnor — Tue, 20 Sep 2016 17:17:46 +0000

U of T's Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library now has one of Canada's oldest printed books in English

ullahnor Tue, 09/20/2016 - 13:17

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An "X" censors info on Thomas Becket in Fisher's newly acquired 1507 copy of The Golden Legend (photo by Jesse Carliner)

Noreen Ahmed-Ullah

Author legacy

Noreen Ahmed-Ullah

Topic

U of T’s Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library has acquired a 1507 copy of The Golden Legend, making it the oldest book printed in English at the library and one of the oldest books in English in Canada.

Widely read during the Middle Ages – some consider it even more popular than the Bible – The Golden Legend recounts stories, both factual and fictional, of the lives of the saints.

The book has original woodcuts in it by England’s first printer, William Caxton, considered the Johannes Gutenberg of England, and it shows signs of censorship from the Reformation period. The word “pope” has been marked out throughout the book and a giant “X” at one time blocked out an entire section on Thomas Becket, the murdered Archbishop of Canterbury.

“That’s one of the wonderful things about censorship, says P.J. Carefoote, Fisher’s early books librarian who specializes in Medieval manuscripts and books. “It’s futile. It just makes someone want to see what’s there.”

And sure enough, at some point someone did remove the black ink covering the section on Becket and the black marks over the word “pope” with bleach. The censored material is now visible to readers.

The book is important because it is such an early example of English printing,” Carefoote says. “It also was one of the most important books in the Middle Ages and then after the Reformation, it almost immediately dropped off the radar.”

At least half of the illustrations in the books were done by Caxton who left the woodcuts in his will for his apprentice, Wynkyn de Warde, who actually printed this copy of the book. The beginning of the book also has translations from parts of the Bible, which at the time was illegal in England.

“So the Golden Legend on the continent didn’t have these, but Caxton has it,” says Carefoote. “This means we have the earliest printed translation of parts of the Bible into English.”

The book has stories from the Bible such as one on the life of Moses along with complete translations of the Book of Tobit and the Book of Judith. There were translations of the Bible into English at the time circulated by John Wycliffe and his followers but these were in manuscript form, not print, says Carefoote.

The library expects the book will be used by students in the Department of English as well as the Centre for Medieval Studies. The book, which was acquired last month, is now catalogued and ready for the public.